Prithvi Earth Goddess
090-095 Contemporary India sculpture of the Great Earth Goddess Prithvi, with "prithvi/earthly" hand mudra

  Persephone as Peplos Kore (Κόρη),
Acropolis Museum, Athens, 6th c. BCE

Mother-Daughter Integrity —
the Hymn & Tao

"There is a void felt these days by women — and men — who suspect that their feminine nature, like Persephone, has gone to hell. Wherever there is such a void, such a gap or wound agape, healing must be sought in the blood of the wound itself. It is another of the old alchemical truths that 'no solution should be made except in its own blood.' (The cure of an emotional wound is in the wound itself.) So the female void cannot be cured by conjunction with the male, but rather by an internal conjunction, by the integration of its own parts, by a remembering or a putting back together of the mother-daughter body. It helped me to visualize the symbol of the Tao, to adapt it this way; we're looking at the relationship between the parts on one side and not the conjunction of external opposites."

from "The Moon and the Virgin:
Reflections on the Archetypal Feminine," pp. 68, 69, by Nor Hall (1980)

Mycenae Earring
Ancient Mycenae earring, Late Helladic, ca. 1550 BCE. Jill Purce in THE MYSTIC SPIRAL (p. 10, 1980) presents the Taoist symbol as two endlessly interconnecting spirals.


Sanctuary at Eleusis
"Demeter and Persephone, mother and daughter, almost always appear together in Greek mythology, and they were worshipped together. Demeter, the Roman Ceres, was the goddess of corn and the fruits of the earth. Persephone, whose Latin name was Proserpina, a corruption, was called Kore, meaning "Maiden." The Homeric Hymn that follows contains the earliest appearance of the myth of Demeter and Persephone in extant literature. Eleusis, about twelve miles west of Athens, was the site of the Eleusinian Mysteries, religious rites celebrated in honour of Demeter and Persepone as late as the fourth century A.D. There was a sanctuary at Eleusis as early as the seventh century B.C. and the cult was extremely sacred to the Greeks. The two goddesses were worshipped in connection with the planting and harvesting of corn, the rotation of the seasons, and the mythological seasonal appearance of Persephone on earth and her return to the kingdom of Hades. The rites were secret and known only to the initiated, but what literary evidence we have points to their connection with immortality, life and death in nature and [humanity], and resurrection."

from "Classical Gods and Heroes: Myths as Told by the Ancient Authors," p. 42, by Rhoda A. Hendricks (1974)

The Great Sympathy

The Great Sympathy
Tao, Mother of the World

"Referring to the Tao Teh Ching and other Taoist writings, [Shirley Nicholson] points out that the values held highest in Taoism are [those] feminine characteristics associated with the Mother of the World and the Great Sympathy in which ego-boundaries blur out into a Oneness. We are not surprised by Ellen Chen's conclusions that early Taoism was actually a remnant or derivation of the worship of the Great Mother in China. The underlying precepts are quite similar to Bruteau's insights about symbolism of unity inherent in the reverence for Demeter and Isis. [...] 'The Tao' literally means 'The Way,' and Nicholson reminds us that it is a way of peace and harmony. There may be so-called masculine traits that women can adopt, but only at the cost of an even more aggressive world. Now that we have such a vast catalog of traits to choose from, we need to think carefully about which we choose. And in defining the feminine principle, we also think of the Taoist reminder that each thing does best when allowed to act according to its own nature."

Introduction by Merlin Stone, in The Goddess re-awakening: the feminine principle today, p. 18, ed. by Shirley Nicholson (1989)
___ ___ ___


from "Yoga for your spiritual muscles: a complete yoga program to strengthen body and spirit," pp. 73-74, by Rachel Schaeffer, Adam Mastoon, David S. Waitz (1998)
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Brahman, Nirvana,
the Tao, Demeter

"The realization that there are many different types of universal synthesis, the static Oneness of Brahman, the dynamic Oneness of Demeter or of the Tao, is what in part led me to realize the transcendent nature of biblical God, creating it all. A different way of coming to this realization is through humility. [...] Brahman, Nirvana, the Tao, Demeter, we attain by our own mystical or psychical efforts, by our human works, as it were. The Holy Spirit is the gift of God to us, comes from beyond us, as we truly feel when the experience uplifts us, and is therefore the result of God's grace, not of anything we do directly. This is not to say we should neglect doing good works [...], since the Holy Spirit will not come to dwell where there is evil. We must become a suitable vessel for God to enter, before there can be grace [transcendence]."

from "A Guide to the Ancient Mysteries," pp. 434-5, by Tom Ficek (2009)
___ ___ ___


Gosper Curve fractal, Wikipedia, similar to ancient Greek geometric motifs (compare with the Boeotian hydria motif illustrated right), as well as various meander seal patterns (path begins upper left side, completes upper right), see Patrick Conty, "Genesis and Geometry of the Labyrinth" (2002)
___ ___ ___

Descent Among the Women
"Demeter adopts the disguise of a helpless old woman and lives in an entirely female environment while she is withdrawing from the gods and carrying out her secret designs against Zeus; she moves into a public and male sphere when she returns to her divine shape, commands the building of her temple, and exercises her powers over agriculture (powers intimately connected with fertility) by creating the famine. Those divine activities that are later imitated in the rites at Eleusis take place in the private sphere of women, whereas men are given a role in making participation in Demeter's secrets accessible to a wider world. (This is a role they actually played, with the help of priestesses in the Mysteries.)"

from "The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation, Commentary, and Interpretive Essays," p.138, commentary by Helene P. Foley (1994)
___ ___ ___


Catharsis & Greek Tragedy
"Tragedy is, according to Aristotle, a purification (κἀθαρσις) through terror and pity." This formula is concise and perfect, but it requires clarification. Why should terror and pity, which in real life are depressing sensations, become in the great Greek tragedies consoling and purifying forces? Because they present to the spectator the ordeals of the soul which render it fit to assimilate sublime and consolatory truths, by freeing it from veil after veil. Without a clear comprehension of these ordeals, the emotional waves of terror and pity remain impotent; but the purgation of the soul which follows the thrill of tragedy [in Greek art and ritual], produces in it a calmness lit up by the rays of truth and unknown bliss. The object of the Mysteries of Eleusis was to communicate this truth and bliss to the initiate through personal experience, by lucid conceptions and vivid imagery."

from "The Hellenic Miracle" in "Selected Occult Writings of Edouard Schure," p. 221, translated from the French by Eva Martin (1912/1928)
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Homeric Hymn to Demeter
Interlinear Translation
edited & adapted from the 1914 prose translation
by Hugh G. Evelyn-White

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Homeric Hymn to Demeter
English • Ancient Greek • Transliteration 
• Greek-English Glossary
  DESCENT FROM OLYMPUS : 90-104
090
But grief, more terrible and ravaging,* came to Demeter's heart,
___ Τὴν δ' ἄχος αἰνότερον καὶ κύντερον ἵκετο θυμόν:
___ Tên d' akhos ainoteron kai kunteron hiketo thumon:

091
and thereafter, so angered* with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos,
___ χωσαμένη δὴ ἔπειτα κελαινεφέι Κρονίωνι
___ khôsamenê dê epeita kelainephei Kroniôni

092
that she avoided the gathering* of the gods and high Olympus
___ νοσφισθεῖσα θεῶν ἀγορὴν καὶ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον
___ nosphistheisa theôn agorên kai makron Olumpon

093
and went down to the towns and fertile* fields of the people,
___ ᾤχετ' ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων πόλιας καὶ πίονα ἔργα
___ ôikhet' ep' anthrôpôn polias kai piona erga

094
disfiguring her form* a long while. And no one of men
___ εἶδος ἀμαλδύνουσα πολὺν χρόνον: οὐδέ τις ἀνδρῶν
___ eidos amaldunousa polun khronon: oude tis andrôn

095
or deep-girted* women knew her when they saw her,
___ εἰσορόων γίγνωσκε βαθυζώνων τε γυναικῶν,
___ eisorown ginwske baquzwnwn te gunaikwn,

096
until she came to* the domain of wise Celeus
___ πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ Κελεοῖο δαΐφρονος ἵκετο δῶμα,
___ prin g' hote dê Keleoio daïphronos hiketo dôma,

097
who then was lord of fragrant Eleusis.*
___ ὃς τότ' Ἐλευσῖνος θυοέσσης κοίρανος ἦεν.
___ hos tot' Eleusinos thuoessês koiranos êen.

098
She sat near the way[side],* in her dear heart,* sorrowful —
___ ἕζετο δ' ἐγγὺς ὁδοῖο φίλον τετιημένη ἦτορ,
___ hezeto d' engus hodoio philon tetiêmenê êtor,

099
by the Maiden Well,* where women were used to draw water,
___ Παρθενίῳ φρέατι, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται,
___ Partheniôi phreati, hothen hudreuonto politai,

100
in a shady* place over which grew an olive shrub —
___ ἐν σκιῇ, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε πεφύκει θάμνος ἐλαίης,
___ en skiêi, autar huperthe pephukei thamnos elaiês,

101
an old woman, ancient-born resembling, who, from childbearing,
___ γρηὶ παλαιγενέι ἐναλίγκιος, ἥτε τόκοιο
___ grêi palaigenei enalinkios, hête tokoio

102
is cut off and from the gifts of garland-loving* Aphrodite —
___ εἴργηται δώρων τε φιλοστεφάνου Ἀφροδίτης,
___ eirgêtai dôrôn te philostephanou Aphroditês

103
like (belonging to a righteous king) a caretaker for
___ οἷαί τε τροφοί εἰσι θεμιστοπόλων βασιλήων
___ hoiai te trophoi eisi themistopolôn basilêôn

104
the children, or like house-keepers* in their echoing halls.
___ παίδων καὶ ταμίαι κατὰ δώματα ἠχήεντα.
___ paidôn kai tamiai kata dômata êkhêenta.

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Ancient GreekOther Meanings
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090 κύντερον / kunteron
ravaging (leading to her disfigurement at L-94) - more dog-like, i.e. shameless - more horrible

091 χωσαμένη / khôsamenê
angry - bereaved - recoiled - drawn back - be angry with (see L-330)

092 ἀγορὴν / agorên
gathering - assembly - place of assembly - the forum

093 πίονα / piona
abundant, wealthy, rich, fertile, plenteous

094 εἶδος / eidos
form, figure, appearance, physique, person, comeliness

095 βαθυζώνων / baquzwnwn
deep girted, that is, girted down from the waist, see illustration:

096 ἵκετο / hiketo
come to - come upon - reach - attain - arrive at

097 Ἐλευσῖνος / Eleusinos (ἔλευσις)
Eleusis = lit., Coming, Arrival, Advent (the place name is referred to 6 times in the Hymn, L-097, L-105, L-266, L-318, L-356, L-490, where twice it is referred to as "θῠόεις," literally, "incense-laden" and as Demeter's home (L-490)


098 ὁδοῖο / hodoio (ὁδός, ὁδόω)
way - wayside - road - way to truth - Tao - as verb = traveling, "waying" - move forward - lead by the right way - on the way to wisdom - Pass., to be on the right path


098 ἦτορ / êtor
heart - the seat of life - life - the seat of feeling, passion, desire  

099 Παρθενίῳ φρέατι / Partheniôi phreati
Maiden Well / Virgin's Well- (an artificial well) likely identical with the "Flowery Well," at which, according to Pamphos, Demeter sat

100 σκιῇ / skiêi
cast in shadow - the shade (of trees) - to be in shadow -
a shady place - [in] the shadows -


102 φιλοστεφάνου / philostephanou
garland-loving - loving crowns - garlanded

103 τροφοί / trophoi
caretaker - that which nourishes - rearer - nurse

104 ταμίαι / tamiai
housekeeper - housewife - steward - priest
Boeotian Hydra motif
Above: detail from a Boeotian hydria motif, ca. 700 BC–675 BCE (Greek Geometric Period, Louvre Museum). Click graphic to view the original ceramic at Wikipedia. Compare with the Gosper Curve fractal illustrated left.
Ancient gold signet ring, from the Acropolis Treasure, Mycenae, with sacred Minoan labrys in the center (indicating a religious scene). The Goddess is sitting on the roadside under an olive tree (?), holding poppy capsules, a Cretan symbol of Demeter, and with her votaries or priestesses, one possibly carrying samll incense pots far left, and dressed in pantaloons. Notice also the symbolic flowering of Demeter's mind. Sun and moon above are separated by a rainbow or the Milky Way. See mention of olive trees in the Hymn at lines 23 and 100. According to Helen Thomas (Annual of the British Shool of Athens, p. 80, Vol. 39, 1938-39), "the back of the bezel is grooved to fit the finger and the hoop set at right angles to its long axis, in Minoan custom." In "Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion," p. 347, Martin Persson Nilsson (1968) states that in "regard to the poppy, which is...closely connected with Demeter, it is to be noted that it grows in the fields together with the corn and that its seeds were used as condiments and sprinkled upon the bread." Illustration from the "Mycennaean Tree and Pillar Cult," p. 108, by Arthur J. Evans, published in "The Journal of Hellenic studies, Volume 21" (1901)

Olive Trees Sacred to Demeter
"Olives [...] are a typical feature of the Mediterranean landscape, and so represent the world of nature, the world of tree nymphs, intermediate between gods and men. [...] Wells in Greece have always been in the shade of trees, places in which to rest and take refreshment after the dust and heat of a journey. The olive tree presumably stood by [the spring of] Callichoran in later times and was also sacred to Demeter."

from "The Homeric Hymn to Demeter," pp. 154, 182, by N. J. Richardson (1974)

Beyond the Works of Aphrodite —
Goddess Celibacy & Productivity
"The Greeks, far more than we, concentrate on the moral consequences of passion, and even in the third century BC it was still associated with atê [Gk. ἄτη], the delusion that leads to destruction. [...] Celibate goddesses are not only more trustworthy because their judgment is unaffected by Aphrodite and the delusion of passion; like Demeter when she comes to Eleusis disquised as an old nurse, they are freed from all responsibilities connected with reproduction and so are able to look after the young and those who need them. Demeter, after Persephone has been taken from her, disguises herself as an old woman, past childbearing and the works of Aphrodite [L-101-102], so that she is able, both because of her experience with children, and her present lack of involvement with men, to serve as a nurse for the son of a king."

from "Women in Greek Myth," p. 179, by Mary R. Lefkowitz (2007)

Taoism, Feng Shui, Balance
& the Demeter Myth
"The Tao, which means way or process, is a path of Balance both for humans and for the universe. In Taoism, everthing must be in Balance. Things that are out of Balance are cured with sacred charms. Even today, large business developers and private home owners call upon the expertise of special designers to Balance with nature the elements of working or living environments. These feng shui designers Balance our extremes and excesses so that inhabitants will find harmony within themselves and every aspect of their lives. [...] The Greeks personified the Balance of the seasons in the myth of Demeter, the great earth mother and goddess of the harvest. [...] In all cultures, Nature teaches us the rhythm of Balance. Even a small garden contains the cycles of life, a time to plant, to grow, to harvest, to decay, and to regenerate."

from "Yoga for your spiritual muscles: a complete yoga program to strengthen body and spirit," pp. 73-74, by Rachel Schaeffer, Adam Mastoon, David S. Waitz (1998)

Down to Earth —
Demeter & the Ancient Tao
"[In Lao Tzu] one can attain the kingdom only if one remains free of busyness. The very busy are not destined to attain the kingdom' (Ch. 48). In this aversion to mechanical-abstract doing, Chthonic memory speaks unmistakably, belief in the earth-mother, giving and guarding; long-lost matriliny continues to have its effect in the maxim of not-doing as spontaneity in repose. And it is not without reason that Lao Tzu's life-Tao thus reproduces, sublimates images from the earlier, matrilineal period in China [...]. Thus not-doing achieves its contact with Demeter in the Tao: 'The spirit of the deep does not die, this is the eternally female. Endlessly it pushes forward and is yet as if persisting, in its working it remains effortless.' (Ch. 6)."

from "The Principle of Hope," Vol. 3, p. 1228, by Ernst Bloch (1885-1977), trans. by Neville Plaice, et al (1959 / 1995)
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Illustrations: (Left Panel) Peplos Kore (Κόρη), Acropolis Museum, Athens, 6th c. BCE, (Top) "Catharsis" design and Prithvi Earth Goddess Photo: earlywomenmasters.net, Great Sympathy tiling design, adapted from a traditional Japanese pattern.
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